“They fear us because we are Other”: attitudes towards disabled people in today’s Russia

Elena Nosenko-Stein

doi:10.18294/sc.2017.1140

“Nos temen porque somos Otro”: actitudes hacia las personas con discapacidad en la Rusia moderna

Elena Nosenko-Stein Socióloga, Doctora en Historia. Investigadora Senior, Instituto de Etnología y Antropología, Academia de Ciencias de Rusia. Moscú, Federación Rusa.

Recibido: 13 septiembre 2016, Aceptado: 24 febrero 2017, Publicado: 17 julio 2017

https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2017.1140

Vistas de resumen

1454

Cargando métricas ...

PDF

PDF (English)

Resumen

El número de personas con discapacidad en la Rusia postsoviética supera los 13 millones, pero hasta el momento se han realizado muy pocas investigaciones sobre los procesos que se desarrollan dentro de este gran sector de la sociedad. El objetivo de este artículo es abordar las diferentes nociones y estereotipos relacionados con la discapacidad. Desde el abordaje metodológico de la historia oral se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 11 hombres y 16 mujeres con discapacidad en tres regiones de Rusia, además de seis entrevistas a expertos en Moscú y Nizhny Novgorod. También fueron incorporados relatos sobre la experiencia de discapacidad publicados en Internet. El análisis de estas fuentes muestra que la percepción de las personas con discapacidad y de la discapacidad en general es ambivalente e impacta en la percepción de la discapacidad y la autoidentificación que tienen las propias personas discapacitadas que forman parte de la sociedad rusa.

Palabras clave: Personas con Discapacidad, Percepción Social, Investigación Cualitativa, Rusia

Categorías: Antropología

Referencias bibliográficas

1. Allport GW. The nature of prejudice. London: Addison-Wesley; 1954.

2. Goffman E. Stigma and Social Identity. In: Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 1963.

3. Phillips S. “There are no invalids in the USSR!” A missing Soviet chapter in the new disability history. Disability Studies Quarterly. 2009;29(3):936.

4. Naberushkina EK. Invalidy v bolshom gorode: problemi sitsialnogo grazhdanstva [Disabled people in the large city: problems of social citizenship]. Moscow: Variant, TsPGI; 2012.

5. Rasell M, Iarskaia-Smirnova E, (ed.). Disability in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: History, policy and everyday life. New York: Routledge; 2014.

6. World Health Organization. Disabilities [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/n5hycar.

7. World Health Organization. New world report shows more than 1 billion people with disabilities face substantial barriers in their daily lives [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/lqs3bsa.

8. Russian Federation, Federal State Statistics Service. The situation of disabled people [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/n772hrc.

9. United Nations, Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/bs7w8y3.

10. World Health Organization. World report on disability [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jan 28]. Avalable from: https://tinyurl.com/mxt58la.

11. Bolt D. The metanarrative of blindness: A re-reading of Twentieth-Century Anglophone writing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 2014.

12. Luse A, Kamerade D. Between disabling disorders and mundane nervousness: representations of psychiatric patients and their distress in Soviet and post-Soviet Latvia. In: Rasell M, Iarskaia-Smirnova E, (eds.). Disability in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: History, policy and everyday life. New York: Routledge; 2014.

13. Linton S. Claiming disability: knowledge and identity. New York: NY University Press; 1998.

14. Gerber DF, (ed.). Disabled veterans in history. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 2000.

15. Corker M, Shakespeare T. Disability / postmodernity: Embodying disability theory. New York: Continuum; 2002.

16. Johnston D. An introduction to disability studies. 2nd ed. Oxford: David Fulton Publishers; 2005.

17. Bolt D. From blindness to visual impairment: Terminological typology and the social model of disability. Disability and Society. 2005;20(5):539-552.

18. Siebers T. Disability theory, boldly rethinking of the last thirty years from the vantage point of disability studies. Ann Arbour: University of Michigan Press; 2008.

19. Nosenko-Stein E. Nekotorye problemi izuchenia invalidnosti I sotsiokulturnaia antropologia [Some problems of studying disability in social and cultural anthropology]. In: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii ‘Sovremennaia antropologia: novye dannye, perspektivy razvitia I metodologicheskie printsipy [Proceedings of International Conference ‘Modern anthropology: new sources, methodological princeples and perspectives]. Minsk: Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; 2015.

20. Romanov P, Iarskaia-Smirnova Ye. Politika invalidnosti: sotsialnoie grazhdanstvo invalidov v sovremennoi Rossii [Disability policy: social citizenship of people with disabilities in contemporary Russia]. Saratov: Nauchnaia kniga; 2006.

21. Watson N, Roulstone A, Carol T, (eds.). Routledge Handbook of Disability Studies. London: Routledge; 2012.

22. Blank HR. Psychoanalysis and blindness. Psychoanalysis Quarterly. 1957;26(1):1-24.

23. Muravieva MG. Kaleki, invalidy ili liudi s ogranichennymi vozmozhnostiami; obzor istorii invalidnosti [Crippled people, invalids or people with disabilities: historical review of disability]. Zhurnal Issledovanii Sotsialnoi Politiki / The Journal of Social Policy Studies. 2011;10(2);151-166.

24. Bertaux D. Biography and society: The Life History Approach in the Social Sciences. Beverly Hills: University of California Press; 1981.

25. Grele RL. Envelopes of sound: The art of oral history. New York: Praeger; 1991.

26. Hummersley M. The dilemma of qualitative method: Herbert Blumer and the Chicago Tradition. New York: Routledge; 1989.

27. Dorogu ukazyvaet mechta [A dream shows the right path] [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/mffbxxw.

28. Zdravsvuyte, dobrye ludi [Hello, good people] [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/lgreh5r.

29. Grafov VA. Zapiski slepogo [Essays of a blind man]. Sibirskie ogni [Siberian lights] [Internet]. 2009 Oct [cited 2016 Jan 26];(10). Available from: http://www.sibogni.ru/content/zapiski-slepogo.

30. Butovskaya ML, Loutsenko YK, Tkacheva KL. Buling kak sotsiokulturny fenomen I efo sviaz s chertami lichonsti u mladshikh shkolnikov [Bullying as a sociocultural phenomenon and its relation to personality traits among younger school children]. Etnograficheskoie obozrenie / Ethnograghic review. 2012;5:139-150.

31. Vishnevskaya VI, Butovdkaya ML. Fenomen shkolnoy travli: agressory I zhertvy v rossiyskoy shkole [Phenomenon of scnoll bulling: agressors and victims in Russian school]. Etnograficheskoie obozrenie / Ethnographic review. 2010;2:55-68.

32. Garland-Thomson R. Extraordinary bodies: Figuring physical disability in American culture and literature. New York: Columbia UP; 1997.

33. Fieseler B. Soviet-style welfare: the disabled soldiers of the ‘Great Patriotic War.’ In: Rasell M, Iarskaia-Smirnova E, (eds.). Disability in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: History, policy and everyday life. New York: Routledge; 2014.

34. Bernstein F. Prosthetic promise and Potemkin limbs in late-Stalinist Russia. In: Rasell M, Iarskaia-Smirnova E, (eds.). Disability in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: History, policy and everyday life. New York: Routledge; 2014.

35. Phillips S. Citizens or ‘dead souls’?: an anthropological perspective on disability and citizenship in post-Soviet Ukraine. In: Rasell M, Iarskaia-Smirnova E, (eds.). Disability in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: History, policy and everyday life. New York: Routledge; 2014.