Sindemia, infodemia, pandemia de COVID-19: Hacia una pandemiología de enfermedades emergentes

https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2021.3748

Publicado 4 noviembre 2021 Open Access


Naomar Almeida-Filho PhD en Epidemiología. Investigador I-A, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Profesor Titular jubilado, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Profesor Visitante, Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. image/svg+xml



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Palabras clave:

Sindemia, Pandemias, COVID-19, Enfermedades Emergentes, Brasil

Resumen


Como base para una teoría de la coocurrencia de procesos epidémicos y pandémicos, en primer lugar, se introduce el concepto de sindemia, creado en la epidemia de VIH/sida para comprender componentes sociales, conductuales y culturales de enfermedades emergentes, tal como la actual pandemia de COVID-19. En segundo lugar, se destaca la noción de infodemia, que tiene gran potencial para comprender los impactos de la pandemia desde planos que generalmente se descuidan en los enfoques epidemiológicos convencionales. En tercer lugar, como complemento e ilustración, se presenta un estudio de caso “microarqueológico” de la infodemia resultante de la pandemia de COVID-19, centrado en la situación concreta de Brasil. Luego, se analizan las correlaciones entre la evidencia científica, los modelos de intervención y las medidas para controlar la pandemia en varios países y su adopción o rechazo en la realidad brasileña, estructurada sobre profundas desigualdades económicas, inequidades sociales e inequidades en salud.


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