Estigma en personas sin hogar y atención en salud: reflexiones desde un programa Housing First en Barcelona, España

https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2024.4826

Publicado 7 junio 2024 Open Access


Marta Llobet-Estany Doctora en Sociología. Docente e investigadora, Unitat de Formació i Recerca - Escola de Treball Social, Universitat de Barcelona, España. image/svg+xml , Mercedes Serrano-Miguel Doctora en Antropología Social. Docente e investigadora, Unitat de Formació i Recerca - Escola de Treball Social, Universitat de Barcelona, España. image/svg+xml , Araceli Muñoz Doctora en Antropología Social. Docente e investigadora, Unitat de Formació i Recerca -Escola de Treball Social, Universitat de Barcelona, España. image/svg+xml , Adela Boixadós-Porquet Licenciada en Sociología, diplomada en Trabajo Social. Docente e investigadora, Unitat de Formació i Recerca - Escola de Treball Social, Universitat de Barcelona, España. image/svg+xml , Belén Campomar Licenciada en Relaciones Internacionales, Especialista en Política, Evaluación y Gerencia Social. Investigadora, Universitat de Barcelona, España. image/svg+xml




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Palabras clave:

Personas sin Hogar, Estigma Social, Atención a la Salud, España


Resumen


El tránsito por el sinhogarismo está asociado a procesos de fuerte estigmatización que, en muchas ocasiones, tienen su reflejo en el trato que reciben por parte de las y los profesionales y del propio sistema de atención en salud. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las experiencias que tuvieron en el sistema sanitario las y los participantes de un programa para personas sin hogar en Barcelona llamado Primer la Llar, y cómo el estigma que sufren estas personas llega a condicionar los procesos de atención. Dicho programa sigue el modelo Housing First, una intervención social que propone la entrada a una vivienda sin condiciones previas a personas con largas trayectorias de vida en la calle, que sufren trastornos mentales graves y/o adicciones. A partir de entrevistas individuales con 20 participantes, realizadas entre 2016 y 2020, se observa que, en determinados casos, el ingreso en el programa, la disponibilidad de una vivienda, el soporte de profesionales y el desarrollo de estrategias propias tuvieron efectos positivos en la mejora de su salud, aunque continúan percibiendo actitudes discriminatorias en algunos espacios médicos. Se plantea la necesidad de que la transformación respecto a la estigmatización sea entendida en un sentido amplio, en las personas, en las instituciones y en la sociedad.


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