Adequate follow-up and treatment of women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and cancer is key in reducing cervical cancer mortality. This research study aims to analyze the magnitude of abandonment in the follow-up and treatment process, as well as the reasons for this abandonment, in women with HSIL who received care in public health services in the province of Jujuy in 2010. Secondary sources were analyzed and women were interviewed in their homes. The abandonment rate within the study population was 23.5%. Among these women, 40.5% mentioned organizational problems in the health care system as a reason for abandoning and 30.9% mentioned subjective reasons. Our results have been used in the reorganization of the follow-up and treatment process being carried out in the province.