Risk factors and genetic bases: the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2019.1952

Published 22 March 2019 Open Access


PhD in Human Sciences. PhD in Anthropology and Communication. Postdoctoral Researcher, Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências Humanas Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Becaria, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado; Florianópolis, Brazil. image/svg+xml , PhD in Biology. Assistant Researcher, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina. image/svg+xml , Undergraduate Degree in Biology. Undergraduate Degree in Philosophy. PhD in Biology. Research Fellow, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Professor, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina. image/svg+xml , PhD in Philosophy. Full Professor, Departamento de Sociologia e Ciência Política, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Becaria Senior, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior. Florianópolis, Brazil. image/svg+xml



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Keywords:

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Risk Factors, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Genetics; Genomics

Abstract


Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered to be the most frequent mental disorder in childhood. Although its diagnosis in the most utilized manual of psychiatry in the world today – the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) – is based on behaviors of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, numerous attempts to describe the biological bases of the disorder can be found, for the purposes of diagnosis and also as risk markers. In this paper, we will critically analyze the validity of studies associated with the search for genetic markers of ADHD. First, a characterization of ADHD by the DSM-5 manual is presented. Subsequently, the link between ADHD and risk factors and genetic markers is developed. Finally, some conclusions are presented which highlight simplifications and omissions that could have significant consequences.


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