Derechos sociales: difíciles de construir, fáciles de destruir

Sonia Fleury

doi:10.18294/sc.2021.3577

Social rights: difficult to construct, easy to destroy

Sonia Fleury Sociologist. Doctor in Political Science. Senior researcher, Center for Strategic Studies, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Received: 30 April 2021, Accepted: 5 June 2021, Published: 7 June 2021

https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2021.3577 | PMID: 34105328

Abstract views

1167

Metrics Loading ...

PDF (Español)

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to reflect on contemporary tensions between the social protection system in Brazil – which in the past 30 years has come to be organized as a social right and has been part of the construction of democracy in the country – and the current process of its dismantling under an authoritarian populist regime. From the theoretical perspective adopted in this article, structural characteristics and circumstantial factors are examined in order to explain the difficulties that have been faced in constructing a legal and institutional architecture for social rights, and on the other hand, why at present it is so easy to destroy it in practice.

Keywords: Social Protection, Citizenship, Public Policy, Brazil

Full-text of the article is available for this language: Español.

References

1. Rimlinger G. Welfare policy and industrialization in Europe, America and Russia. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc; 1971.

2. Wilensky H. Industrial society and social welfare: The welfare state and equality: Structural and ideological roots of public expenditures. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1975.

3. Flora P, Alber J. Modernization, democratization, and the development of welfare states in Western Europe. En: Flora P, Heidenheimer A. The development of the welfare states in Europe and America. New Brunswick: Transaction Press; 1981. p. 37-65.

4. Offe C. A Democracia partidária competitiva e o welfare state keynesiano: Fatores de estabilidade e desorganização. En: Offe C. Problemas estruturais do Estado capitalista. Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca Tempo Universitário; 1984. p. 356-385.

5. Marshall TH. Cidadania, classe social e status. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores; 1967.

6. Polanyi K. A grande transformação: As origens de nossa época. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Campus; 1980.

7. Esping-Andersen G. The three worlds of welfare capitalism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1990.

8. Castel R. Les métamorphses de la question sociale. Paris: Gallimard; 1995.

9. Streeck W. The crisis of democratic capitalism. New Left Review. 2011;71:5-29.

10. Pierson P. The New Politics of the Welfare State. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.

11. Mesa-Lago C. Social security in Latin America: pressure groups, stratification, and inequality. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; 1978.

12. Filgueira F. Welfare and democracy in Latin America: The development, crises, and aftermath of universal, dual and exclusionary social states. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development for Social Development; 2005.

13. Steffen MW, Côrtes SV. Understanding social protection systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Typologies and efforts of classification. Sociology Compass. 2018;12:e12634.

14. Martínez-Franzoni J. Welfare regimes in Latin America: Capturing constellations of markets, families, and policies. Latin American Politics and Society. 2008;50(2):67-100.

15. Segura‐Ubiergo A. The political economy of the welfare state in Latin America: Globalization, democracy, and development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Presss; 2007.

16. Gómez MU. From social insurance to poverty relief: Avatars of social protection in Latin America. En: Bada X, Rivera-Sánchez L. The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press; 2020. p. 1-18.

17. Gramsci A. Maquiavel, a política e o Estado moderno. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira; 1968.

18. Fleury S. Estado sem cidadão: Seguridade social na América Latina. Rio de Janeiro: FIOCRUZ; 1994.

19. Fleury S. Estado sin ciudadanos. Buenos Aires: Lugar Editorial; 1997.

20. Fleury S. Dual, universal or plural? Health care models and issues in Latin America: Chile, Brazil and Colombia. En: Molina C, Nuñez J, (eds.). Health services in Latin America and Asia. Washington DC: Inter-American Development Bank; 2001. p. 3-36.

21. Fleury S, Belmartino S, Baris E. Reshaping health care systems in Latin America: A comparative analysis of Health Care Reforms in Argentina Brazil and Mexico. Ottawa: IDRC; 2000.

22. Fleury S. Building democracy in an emerging society: The challenge of the welfare state in Brazil. En: Nederveen-Pieterse J, Cardoso A. Brazil emerging: Inequality and emancipation. New York: Routledge; 2013. p. 11-31.

23. Wood G, Gough I. Conclusion. Rethinking social policy in development contexts. En: Gough I, Wood G, et al. Insecurity and welfare regimes in Asia, Africa, and Latin America: Social policy in development countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008. p. 313-326.

24. Honneth A. Luta por reconhecimento: A gramática moral dos conflitos sociais. São Paulo: Editora 34; 2003.

25. Fraser N. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. En: Fraser N, Honneth A. Redistribution or recognition?: A political-philosophical exchange. London: Verso; 2003. p. 7-109.

26. Santos WG. Cidadania e justiça. Rio de Janeiro: Campus; 1979.

27. Fleury S. Brazil’s health-care reform: social movements and civil society. The Lancet. 2011;377:1724-1725.

28. Fleury S, Pinho CE. Liquefação da rede de proteção social no Brasil autoritário. Revista Katálysis. 2018;21(1).

29. Fleury S. The welfare state in Latin America: reform, innovation, and fatigue. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2017;33(2):e00058116.

30. Pernasetti F. Miragens do amanhã: Previdência e rodadas de neoliberalização no Brasil pós 1988. [Tesis de Doctorado]. Rio de Janeiro: IPPUR/URFJ; 2021.

31. Fleury S, Bicudo V, Rangel G. Reacciones a la violencia institucional: estrategias de los pacientes frente al contra derecho a la salud en Brasil. Salud Colectiva. 2013;9(1):11-25.

32. Nun J. Superpoblación relativa, ejercito industrial de reserva y masa marginal. Revista Latinoamericana de Sociología Buenos Aires. 1969;5(2):180-225.

33. Mbembe A. Necropolitica. São Paulo: Editora N-1; 2019.

34. Fleury S. La expansión de la ciudadanía. En: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (org.). Inclusión social y nuevas ciudadanías: Condiciones para la convivencia y seguridad democrática. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; 2003. p. 167-194.

35. Fleury S. Capitalismo, democracia, cidadania: contradições e insurgências. Revista Saúde em Debate. 2018;42(3):108-124.