Thinking about long-term care policies for Latin America

https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2015.785

Published 4 December 2015 Open Access


PhD in Economics. Professor, Departamento de Economía, Métodos Cuantitativos e Historia Económica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Spain. image/svg+xml




Abstract views
974
Metrics Loading ...



Keywords:

Health Public Policy, Long-Term Care, Demographic Aging, Healthcare Financing, Latin America


Abstract


Latin America is aging. The process is occurring quickly and in unhealthy conditions with low levels of income. The number of older people who can no longer perform their daily activities will dramatically increase in the coming decades. Developed countries have already been facing this phenomenon over the last three decades, but Latin America has neither the resources nor the social protection systems of these countries. Formulating and planning health policies associated with this phenomenon should be a priority of the governments of Latin America. This paper defines what these care policies are, the models of care rich countries have developed, and the cost of such models. The situation in Latin America is then analyzed and conclusions and a series of discussions to address in the near future are proposed.


References


1. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Help wanted?: providing and paying for long-term care [Internet]. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2011 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://goo.gl/QzDyFp.

2. Pacolet J, Bouten R, Lanoye H, Versieck K. Social protection for dependency in old age: A study of the 15 EU member states and Norway [Internet]. European Commission; 1999 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://goo.gl/d3u6UM.

3. Sanford AM, Orrell M, Tolson D, et al. An international definition for "Nursing home". Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2015;16(3):181-184.

4. Askheim OP, Bengtsson H, Richter BR. Personal assistance in a scandinavian context: Similarities, differences and developmental traits. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. 2014;16:3-18.

5. Da Roit B, Le Bihan B. Similar and yet so different: Cash-for-care in six European countries' long-term care policies. Milbank Q. 2010;88(3):309.

6. Simonazzi A. Care regimes and national employment models. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 2009;33(2):211-232.

7. Hayashi M. Japan's long-term care policy for older people: The emergence of innovative "mobilisation" initiatives following the 2005 reforms. Journal of Aging Studies. 2015;33:11-21.

8. Frericks P, Jensen PH, Pfau-Effinger B. Social rights and employment rights related to family care: Family care regimes in Europe. Journal of Aging Studies. 2014;29:66-77.

9. Swartz K. Searching for a balance of responsibilities: OECD countries' changing elderly assistance policies. Annual Review of Public Health. 2013;34:397-412.

10. Maruyama S. The effect of coresidence on parental health in Japan. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. 2015;35:1-22.

11. Matus M, Rodriguez P. Presiones de oferta y demanda sobre políticas formales de cuidados en Latinoamérica. Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia. 2014;60:103-130.

12. Palloni A, McEniry M. Aging and health status of elderly in Latin America and the Caribbean: Preliminary findings. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. 2007;22(3):263-285.

13. Palloni A, McEniry M, Wong R, Pelaez M. The tide to come: Elderly health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Aging Health. 2006;18(2):180-206.

14. Al Snih S, Graham JE, Kuo YF, Goodwin JS, Markides KS, Ottenbacher KJ. Obesity and disability: Relation among older adults living in Latin America and the Caribbean. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2010;171(12):1282-1288.

15. Matus-López M, Cid Pedraza C. Costo de un sistema de atención de adultos mayores dependientes en Chile, 2012-2020. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 2014;36(1):31-36.

16. European Commission. The 2012 ageing report: Economic and budgetary projections for the 27 EU member states [Internet]. Brussels: Economic Policy Committee; 2012 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://goo.gl/hlHD6X.

17. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Health at a glance 2013 [Internet]. OECD; 2013 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://goo.gl/G5IkCU.

18. Bettio F, Verashchagina A. Long-term care for the elderly: Provisions and providers in 33 European countries [Internet]. European Commission; 2010 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1JJV1ch.

19. Fujisawa R, Colombo F. The long-term care workforce: Overview and strategies to adapt supply to a growing demand (OECD Health Working Papers No. 4) [Internet]. 2009 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1JJWkbo.

20. Medici A. How age influences the demand for health care in Latin America. In: Cotlear D, editor. Population aging: Is Latin America ready? [Internet]. Washington DC: World Bank; 2011 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1j81RiH.

21. Maisonneuve C, Oliveira J. Public spending on health and long-term care: A new set of projections (OECD Economic Policy Papers No. 6) [Internet]. 2013 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1JJYyr5.

22. Saad P. Demographic trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. In: Cotlear D, editor. Population aging: Is Latin America ready? [Internet]. Washington DC: World Bank; 2011 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1j81RiH.

23. Huenchuan S. Ageing, solidarity and social protection in Latin America and the Caribbean: Time for progress towards equality [Internet]. Santiago: ECLAC; 2013 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1EEUoRm.

24. Suarez-Bereguela R, Vigil-Oliver W. Health care expenditure and financing in Latin America and the Caribbean [Internet]. Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization; 2012 [citado 12 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1FJOw5v.

25. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. Panorama social de América Latina 2012 [Internet]. Santiago: CEPAL; 2012 [citado 12 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://goo.gl/VSXcCt.

26. Miller TC, Mason C, Holz M. The fiscal impact of demographic change in 10 Latin American countries: Projecting public expenditures in education, health and pensions. In: Cotlear D, editor. Population aging: Is Latin America ready? [Internet]. Washington DC: World Bank; 2011 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1j81RiH.

27. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Health statistics 2014 [Internet]. OECD.Stat 2015 [citado 8 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1qtVKpJ.

28. World Health Organization. A glossary of terms for community health care and services for older persons [Internet]. Aging and health technical report No. 5; 2004 [citado 8 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1OaOmsp.

29. Razavi S. The political and social economy of care in a development context: Conceptual issues, research questions and policy options [Internet]. Geneva: UNRISD; 2007 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://goo.gl/zb62EU.

30. Carrera F, Pavolini E, Ranci C, Sabbatini A. Long-term care systems in comparative perspective: Care needs, informal and formal coverage, and social impacts in European countries. In: Ranci C, Pavolini E, editors. Reforms in long-term care policies in Europe. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 23-52.

31. Bonneux L, Van der Gaag N, Bijwaart G. Demographic epidemiologic projections of long-term care needs in selected European countries: Germany, Spain, the Netherlands and Poland. ENEPRI Research Report No. 8 [Internet]. 2012 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1zg1OUS.

32. Manton K. The dynamics of population aging: Demography and policy analysis. Milbank Q. 1991;69(2):309-338.

33. Kinsella K, He W. An ageing world: 2008 [Internet]. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://1.usa.gov/1Hrlf49.

34. Hagist C, Kotlikoff L. Who's going broke? comparing growth in healthcare costs in ten OECD countries. NBER Working Paper No. 11833 [Internet]. 2005 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1E1G8U3.

35. Prada MD, Borge LM. Una aproximación al coste de la dependencia en España y su financiación [Internet]. Madrid: Fundación CASER; 2014 [citado 10 ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://goo.gl/h16P6f.

36. Genworth. Cost of Care Survey 2015 [Internet]. 2015 [citado 10 abr 2015]. Disponible en: http://bit.ly/1GJWdOD.

37. Monteverde M, Noronha K, Palloni A, Ageletti K. Costos individuales esperados de cuidados de larga duración en Buenos Aires, México y Puerto Rico. In: Peláez E, editor. Sociedad y adulto mayor en América Latina: Estudios sobre envejecimiento en la región. Córdoba: Editorial Copiar; 2008.

38. Matus-López M, Cid C. Costo de un sistema de atención de adultos mayores dependientes en Chile, 2012-2020. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 2014;36(1):31-36.