Neck pain among tobacco farm workers in Southern Brazil

Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa; Nadia Spada Fiori; Rodrigo Dalke Meucci; Neice Müller Xavier Faria; Maitê Peres de Carvalho

doi:10.18294/sc.2020.2307

Dolor cervical entre agricultores que producen tabaco en el sur de Brasil

Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa Doctora en Epidemiología. Profesora Titular, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil. , Nadia Spada Fiori Doctora en Epidemiología. Profesora Adjunta, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil. , Rodrigo Dalke Meucci Doctor en Epidemiología. Profesor Adjunto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil. , Neice Müller Xavier Faria Doctora en Epidemiología. Médica Ocupacional, Departamento de Saúde, Municipio de Bento Gonçalves, Brasil. , Maitê Peres de Carvalho Doctora en Ciencias de la Salud. Investigadora, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil.

Recibido: 7 May 2019, Aceptado: 12 May 2020, Publicado: 23 July 2020

https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2020.2307 | PMID: 33147389

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Resumen

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia del dolor cervical y los factores asociados entre agricultores que producen tabaco. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que participaron 2.469 agricultores que producen tabaco en el sur de Brasil. Para la caracterización del dolor cervical se utilizó una adaptación del cuestionario nórdico para síntomas musculoesqueléticos. El análisis multivariante se realizó mediante la regresión de Poisson, siguiendo un modelo teórico jerárquico. La prevalencia del dolor cervical en el año previo entre la población estudiada fue del 7,4%. Las variables que se asociaron con el dolor cervical entre las mujeres trabajadoras fueron la edad, el consumo de tabaco, el enfardado del tabaco, el uso de motosierras pesadas, trabajar en un ritmo intenso o acelerado y la enfermedad del tabaco verde, mientras que, entre los varones, fueron la edad, el uso de motosierras pesadas, el trabajo sentado en el suelo, la intoxicación por plaguicidas y la enfermedad del tabaco verde. El estudio refuerza la importancia de las cargas de trabajo ergonómicas y fisiológicas en la determinación del dolor cervical. Se necesitan estudios futuros para comprender el papel de la exposición a los plaguicidas y a la nicotina en los problemas musculoesqueléticos. La mecanización de la cosecha del tabaco podría reducir la exposición ergonómica y química, mejorando así la salud de los agricultores.

Palabras clave: Dolor Cervical, Salud Laboral, Agricultura, Tabaco, Salud Rural, Brasil

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