Abstract

The debate surrounding the civilizational model of Western modernity, with its economy of concentration and exclusion based in oil energy and unsustainable resource extraction, has revived, in the political and academic arenas of the health field, discussion of the "good life" ideal inscribed in the new constitutions of Bolivia and Ecuador. In light of this social, health, and environmental crisis spurred by the imposition of an economy of death, and the consequential proliferation of unhealthy ways of life, Bolívar Echeverría's theses on the material base of life and culture are discussed as a tool to evaluate historically the performance of the governments of the actually existing lefts, to develop a model of historical transition and to radically renew critical consciousness with a perspective devoid of dogmatism and mythic stridencies, imbued with a profound capacity for self-criticism.